Energy Conservation
Unit -1
Energy Audit: Definition, Need, and Objectives.
Types of Energy Audit: Internal Audit, External Audit, Walk through Energy Audit, Preliminary Energy Audit, Detailed Energy Audit, Industrial Energy Audit, Utility (Services) Energy Audit, Commercial Energy Audit, Residential Energy Audit.
Basic Components of Energy Audit: Preparing for Audit Visit, Instrumentation, Data Collection Techno-economic Analysis, Safety Considerations
Unit -2
Fuel Analysis: Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, Calorific Value. Combustion: Theoretical Air Requirement.
Insulation and Refractories: Insulation Type and Application, Economic Thickness of Insulation, Heat Savings, and Application
Criteria, Refractory-Types, Selection and Application of Refractories,
Boilers: Types, FBC Boilers, Mechanism of Fluidized Bed Combustion, Saving Potential. Analysis of Losses, Performance Evaluation, Blow Down, Energy Conservation Opportunities.
Unit -3
Steam System: Properties of Steam, Assessment of Steam Distribution Losses, Steam Leakages, Steam Trapping, Condensate, and Flash Steam Recovery System, Identifying Opportunities for Energy Saving.
Cogeneration and Trigeneration: Need, Applications, Advantages, Combined Cycles, Saving Potential.
Unit -4
Waste Heat Recovery: Availability and Reversibility, First and Second Law Efficiencies, Classification, Advantages and Applications, Commercially Viable Heat Recovery Devices, HVAC and Refrigeration System, Factors Affecting Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System Performance and Savings Opportunities, Distribution systems for conditioned air.
Compressed Air Systems: Types of air compressors, compressor efficiency, efficient compressor operation, compressed air systems components, capacity assessment, leakage test, factors affecting the performance, and energy savings opportunities.
Pumps and Pumping System: Performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies, and energy conservation opportunities.
Unit -5
Electrical Systems: Active power, reactive power, apparent power, star, delta connection, electrical load management, and electrical billing.
Power Factor: Power factor, Power factor improvement, and its benefit, selection and location of capacitors, and energy conservation opportunities.
Electric Motors: Types, losses in induction motors, motor efficiency, factor affecting motor performance, rewinding, and motor replacement issues, energy-saving opportunities in motors, energy efficient motors, a soft starter with energy savers.